Storage battery.



No. 870,015. PATBNTED NOV. 5, 1907.

J. C. 000K L E. SOKAL. STORAGE BATTERY.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 10.1905l 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED NOV. 5, 1907 J. C. COOK & E. SOKAL. v

STORAGE BATTERY.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 10,1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

o. o.. o.. ,.of n.. o o o( .0. ow.

j?? 06f/761.15 y @.00 fi? ZZ/Cess ens', @au f Ma/ JOSEPH C. COOK AND EDWARD SOKAL,

i OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK; SAID SOKAL ASSGNORTO SAID COOK. j

STORAGE BATTERY.

Specioation of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 5, 1907.

Application tiled May l0. 1905. Serial No. 255l7l0.

To fill whom 2'! may concrr'n.: n

Be it known that we, Josiirii C. Coon, a citizen of the United States, and EDWARD SoKAL, a subject ot' the Emperor of Austria-Hungury7 both residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie .and State of New York, have invented a new and useful l'uip'rovemeui in Storage Batteries,` of which the following is alspeciiication.

This invention relates to the plates of storage batteries and their formation. y

'lhe principal object of our invention is the production of a plato of this character which is specially adapted to a compound o r mixed formation embodying the well-known Plante and Faure processes, thuscombining the advantages ol both ol' those types oi plates while avoiding the disadvantages peculiar to each.

A further object is to produce a stable battery ,plate which. affords a maximum contact surface of tho active material for given weight ol lead, which permits a rapid circulation und a thorough distribution ol' the electrolyte und which is eonmaratively light in proportion to its capacity. l 1

l`o theseends the invention consists of the improvement in the construction of the plate and the 'method of forming the same,*hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accomiuxnying drawings: Figure l is a lace view of one forni oi battery plate embodying our invention, the pasted active material being omitted. Fig. 2 is an enlarged transverse section thereof. Fig. 3 'is a similar section, showing the active material nplpli/'ed to the pluie. Fig. ll is a fragmentary horizontal section .0i another lorin oi' the plate. Fig. 5 is a lace view ol'an envelop embodyiiu)r the invention. itigs. tj und 7 are horizontal sections in lilies G-(i and 7 7, Fig. 5. Figl 8 is a horizontal section of still another modification o the plato.

Similar letters of reference indicato corresponding pzu'ts throughout the several views. l,

Referring to the construction shown in Figs. l, Zand 3, A. is a lead plate or grid provided with numerous closolyarranged spurs, pins or projections a which practically cover its entire area, giving the same a brush-like sui'- face. The pluie may have such projections ou one side only, or on both sides, as shown in Figs. L2 and 3. -The shape or cross section of the' projections is immaterial. Those illustrated in the last-namedgures ai'e'spurlike or conical, but if desired they may be cylindrical, polygonal 'or pyrainidal, or cylindrical with a conical or pyramidal end. Their bases. are preferably enlarged to lorm a stronger and more eflieient connection between-them and the lead plate. The projections may be solid', as shown inz'igs. 1,2 and 3, or hollow or tubular, as shown ato2 in Fig. 4, the latter construction increasing the available Contact arca or surface oi the plate and also reducing` its weight. .The

projections may be of any 'suitable length, satisfactory `results havingr been obtained by making them about Y the lend being iorecd by a piston through holes of suit' able l'orm, in the center of which dies or corelpins are supported in any will-l nown or suitable manner.

4'Plates oi this description permit of a novel ind desirable 65 the same time avoiding the undesirable oxidizing or other leadfaltaeking agents employed in the rapidiormation plates now commonly used, mere traces of which when remaining on the plates cause a rapid growth of the positive plate and a rapid deterioration or disintegration of both electrodes in service.`

Our invention consists in applyingito the plate, preferably around the base portions ot the spurs or equiva-V lent projections, a pasto@ such for instance as is used inordinary pasted plates, then forming thepast-e ac cording to the well-known Faure process and inally subjecting the large superlicial area oi lead produced by Vthe exposed. port-ions ot the projections to the Plant action, in service.

Tlie layer oi paste should be of siillicient thickness to" give the plate a suitable capacity, A. considerable porli5 tion of the projections extends into the electrolyte,v and by chargiiig and discharging in clear diluted suliuric`y scid or other suitable electrolyte, the saine are formed according to the Plante process without any unusual expenditure or loss oi time or current and without the use or addition oi nitrates, ehlorates, perchlorates and other substances which aeceleratefthe toi-mation ofthe plates but cannot he completely reinovedend .t iftreo're cause rapid disintegration ol 'tlieplate Corni lned with the original Faure plate, we thus obtain, at en y inuiy cost. and in a comparatively'shorttimo, un, Electroclieinically formed Plante plate having all oi. the vant-ages pecnlia' to tho' latter type. ltlcrcovsr, V .u improved plate, while `combining the udvantoges'oi these woll-known types of plates, is not liable to .Warp lOO or buckle in service and the pastoor active material' .is

reliably held in. intimate. conact wlththe plate.` lt well understood by those skilled in the art that when the use of such oxidixing or other 'lead-attacking agents is' avoided, there is a more intimate connect-ion bei iut tween the, grid and the active .material and the two cis'.- pagid and contract more uniformly, render-ing the aci. tive material less liable to loosen and become detached from the grid.

The brush-like-surluce of the plate allor-ds avery ll large Contact urea :ind permits tr free circulation and uniform distribution oi the electrolyte. and it ulso forms a simple means ol' holding the aetiXfe inetcri-.tl or materiel to become nctive, in eil'icient mechanical und electric-tl contact with thevgrid.

The improvement is also ap pliczible to a plate or elec trode in the torni o un envelop. as shown in Figs.. 5. (i und 7. in this case, the envelop may be constructed oi 2t doubled plate having inwardly-exteuding tubular pins or projectitnisa, the bores of which extend through the plete. so its to iorm passages for the circulation oi the electrolyte through the envelop; or it desired, the envelop may consist of two separnte (lished pluies .having such projecting spurs or tubes on their inner sides, as shown in Fig. 8. in the last-men tioned modification the envelop has solid spurs or projections a and its walls are provided at intervals with perforations b for the circulation of the electrolyte. The meeting edges oltlic envelop are united autogenously, or by nnyother suitable means.

In constructing plates oi' the o jehip type. .such as shown in Figs. 5--8. the paste is simply placed within the stime, is shown at C1. When tubular projections are employed. the paste may be placed within the tubes but it iSprefei'ably placed around them. in which :use

' the interiorol the tubes as Well as their projecting por tions are eigposed to the Plante iiction. The construction shown -in the last-named iguree affords the im portant advantage that it overcomes theobjectionahle consequences o buckling or warping, inasmuch. as the growth of the active material on a positive pitite oi this kind results in producing :t better contact between the active material and the grid.' It is obvious that e. similar result wouldv be obtained it' the pasted active material were inclosed by a. lead envelop making good electrical and mechanical contact with the grid and the envelop 'were provided with a. sufficient 'number ot cylindrical or other perfo ations approximating the size .find depth oi the tubular projections hereinbet'ore described.

The plates shown in Figs. 1rd are especially adapted ior use in a. horizontal position, in which case the positive platee preferably have spurs or projections on their upper side only. By this arrangement. the active material which becomes detached from the np per part o' a. positive or a negative plate remains in contact with the sume; no active materiel can drop Irom the positive to the negative plate and tiny active materiel which may drop irom the lower putt` oi :i negative upon. the positive pluie immediately below it is rendily peroxidized sind becomee n part oi the lutter. Negative plates nre preferably provided with projet-.Libris on both Hides. We preferably give the pluie several charges and discharges oeiore zipplying the paste, to promote the adhesion oi the latter to the gri-fl.

While We prefer tlie conetructions oi the plates herein shown -lor obtaining u large superlici-til urea. of load adopted to be subjected to the Plante action, we do not Wish to be limited to those particular constructions tis the plate cait'iie Widely modified Witliout departing from the esteuce oi the invention.

We are uw-ure thnt pliitesol' the Faure type employing :t lend or lendettlloy grid have parts which are exposedl to Plante '-tction in service. a greater or l ss peroxidation taking place on the positive .Mid iornnttion of sponge-lend on the negative; 'but the grids of such plates are designed solel as carriers or supports for the peste or activo materiel. and the exposed portion-thereof is minimal und-its capacity negligible. In our improved plnte, its numerous clos'ely-tirrzmged projections produce at relatively large area or surface for exposure to the Plante :lotion in service. giving the plate et comparatively lurge capacity alter the paste has fallen ot'f.

our invention:

t. A combi` tion Faure :and Plante buttery plate having :i paste or i s ndnpted to be formed accordingr to the Faure process und :i relatively large superliciail :tren of lend adapted to be exposed' to the Plante nation in service. substantially as ser forth.

'i A Stormie buttery plute hnviugn paste of active msitcviul ndnptcd to be formed according: to the li'nure proC- c und numerous closolv-:il'rnnged piu-like projections forming; :t 'rz Litively In aren of lend ldap/ted to be exposed to tlnVl-laint .fiction in service, substantially as seix forth.

5l. A storage buttery plnte having a paste of iictive mn. leiinl :nlnpted to be t'oi'nicd z cording to the [":tui'e process und numerous closely-:Wrangell tubular projections forming,r :i rclnlivelyflnrg'e :tren of lead udupted to be ex posed to tho llunt. action in service, substantially set tortli. V

4. A storage buttery plnte having numerous closely-nr ranged tubular projections toi-ming' a relutivoly lmg'e :i1-eu ot' lend adorned to be exposed to the .Plante action in serv ice. :in d a jinete of :it-tive ninteriul arranged around the projections und adapted to be formed :tccording to the Faure process, subetnntiully :is set toi'th.

A stornife bzitt..'y pluto having' numerous closelylnrwinged pin-like projections forming' :i relativ )urge lend :treu adopted to be exposed to the llnnt nct'ion in service and :i passte ot' active umterizil upplicd to the buse portions of the projections. lonving their remaining portions cxposcd t0 the llant action, snid pasto adupted to he fornmil according: to the l-nnre process, substnnt-inlly :is sot. foi-th,

f3, 'i'lie herein described method ot' producing; u combinan tion Faure end llnnte buttery plate. which consists in providing the pluto with :i relatively lzirtre snpertcnl :tren of lend :ind applying to the pinto :i paste or mntcrgil tlcsigned to become tive. then forming the plate'nccordlm; to the Faure proces. ind lnnlly exposing the superliclnl lend uren tovthc l'lnut :iction in service, substnntinlly as Winesees (j. It'. Cirri-ni, il. M'. inconnu; 

